Nursing Practice and Profession Abstract

AbstractNurses focused on the relational caring consider themselves responsible for the human prosperity of patients endowed to their medicinal services. Being responsible methods being mindful and receptive to the human services needs of individual patient. It implies that my anxiety for the patient rises above whatever occurs during my day of work, and that I guarantee progression of care when I leave the patient. In today’s profoundly divided arrangement of care, patients frequently get themselves unfit to highlight any one parental figure who knows the general circumstance and is competent and ready to organize the endeavors of the medicinal services group. Being responsive and dependable gains a patient’s believe that â€Å"all will be well† as the medicinal services needs are tended to. This will be the focal them of this paper in the mission of build up the nurse’s accountabilities in assessing or executing change.Nurses who are delicate to the legi timate elements of training are mindful so as to build up a solid feeling of both moral and lawful responsibility. Able practice is a nurses’ best legitimate protect. When attempting to create moral and lawful accountabilities, medical attendants must perceive that the two inadequacies and additionally abundances of mindful caring are problematic.Although it is sensible to consider oneself responsible for advancing the human prosperity of the patients, attendants can blunder by setting unreasonable principles of responsiveness and obligation regarding themselves. Reasonability is consistently important to offset capable self consideration with care for other people. Unpracticed attendants may feel absolutely answerable for affecting patient results outside their ability to control and become disappointed and pitiful when unfit to deliver the ideal result Conversations about what is sensible to consider ourselves as well as other people responsible for are consistently helpful .Each utilizing organization or office giving nursing administration has a commitment to build up a procedure for revealing and taking care of practices by individual or by social insurance frameworks that risks a patient’s wellbeing or security. The American Nurses Association code of Ethics commits medical attendants to report proficient direct that is inept, unscrupulous or illicit. For medical caretakers, awkward practice in estimated by nursing guidelines, exploitative practice is assessed considering the expert codes of morals, while illicit practice is distinguished as far as infringement of government enactments and laws.Nurses must regard the responsibility and duty intrinsic in their roles.â They have the ethical commitments in the arrangement of nursing care, thus they team up with other social insurance suppliers in giving far reaching medicinal services, perceiving the point of view and ability of each member.â Nurses have an ethical option to decline to take part in techniques that may disregard their very own ethical still, small voice since they are qualified for scrupulous complaint. They should keep all data acquired in an expert limit secret and utilize proficient judgment in sharing this data on a need to know premise. Medical caretakers are relied upon to ensure people under their consideration against absence of protection by limiting their verbal interchanges just to suitable faculty; settings, and to proficient purposes. They are obliged to hold fast to rehearse that limits access to individual records to suitable personnel.They must esteem the advancement of a social just as financial condition that bolsters and continues wellbeing and prosperity. It remembers the association for the location of sick impacts of the earth on the soundness of the patient just as the evil impacts of human exercises to the regular habitat. They should recognize that the social condition where the patient possesses affects wellbeing. Attendants m ust regard the privileges of people to settle on educated decisions comparable to their consideration. They have this obligation to illuminate people about the consideration accessible to them, and the decision to acknowledge or dismiss that care.â If the individual can't represent themselves, medical attendants must guarantee the accessibility of somebody to speak to them. It is fundamental to regard the choices made concerning the individual’s care.Standards of care are one proportion of quality.â Quality nursing care gives care by qualified people. In like manner, the individual needs, qualities, and culture of the patient comparative with the arrangement of nursing care is essential to be regarded and considered consequently it ought not be undermined for reasons of ethnicity, sexual orientation, otherworldly qualities, inability, age, financial, social or wellbeing status, or some other grounds.â Respect for an individual’s needs incorporates acknowledgment of the individual’s place in a family and the network. It is because of this explanation that others ought to be remembered for the arrangement of care, most essentially the relatives. Regard for requirements, convictions and qualities incorporates socially touchy consideration, and the requirement for comfort, nobility, security and easing of torment and nervousness as much as possible.â€Å"Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a critical thinking way to deal with clinical practice that coordinates the faithful utilization of best proof in mix with a clinician’s mastery just as patient inclinations and qualities to settle on choices about the sort of care that is provided† (Melnyk, 2004). Nature of care results alludes to precision and pertinence showed by the choices concerning the requirement for clinical and careful mediation. Proof of suitability in social insurance is important to improve wellbeing results, balance costs, give direction to doctors and address the issue of the new educated wellbeing purchaser. Suitability is not normal for adequacy since the later alludes to the degree wherein a mediation accomplishes the goals set (Muir Gray, 1997). One measure of fittingness is that of necessity.As innovation and improved techniques for care has propelled, access to proper mediations ought to similarly improve. Today a few mediations are as yet constrained, for example, attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) in country networks and since access to this innovation is restricted, a standard of need is utilized to figure out who can access and how rapidly. In this way in spite of the fact that utilization of MRI might be proper in diagnostics, it might be underused. Progressions in innovation, intercessions and clinical research will give refreshed proof which thus would influence evaluations of fittingness (Muir Gray, 1997). Clinical rule proclamations are created from proof to help social insurance specialists in making suitable wellbein g intercessions (Woolf, Grol, Hutchinson, Eccles and Grimshaw, 1999).The clinical rule might be a general explanation or brief guidance on which demonstrative test to request or how best to treat a particular condition. The motivation behind clinical rules is as an apparatus for settling on choices that will bring about increasingly predictable and effective consideration. Rules are not rules nor are they obligatory. The advantages of clinical rules include: Improved wellbeing results; Increased useful/proper consideration; Consistency of care; Improved patient data; Ability to emphatically impact strategy; Provide bearing to human services practitioners;ReferencesAgency of Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). Results investigate truth sheet. [Online].Available: https://www.ahrq.gov/experts/clinicians-suppliers/rules proposals/index.htmlBrook, R.H. (1994). Suitability: The following boondocks. [Online]. Available:http://www.bmj.com/content/308/6923/218.full?ijkey=t7GNbMJu0NIhAFi tch, K., Bernstien, S. J., Aguilar, M. D., Burand, B., LaCalle, J. R., Lazaro, P. van het Loo,McDonnell, J., Vader, J. P., and Kahan, J. P. (2001). The RAND/UCLA appropriatenessmethod user’s manual. [Online]. Available:http://www.rand.org/bars/monograph_reports/MR1269.html?John A. Hartford Foundation. (n.d.). [Online]. Accessible: http://www.johnahartford.org/Muir Gray, J.A. (1997). Proof based medicinal services: How to make wellbeing strategy and managementdecisions, New York: Churchill Livingstone.Woolf, S. H., Grol, R., Hutchinson, An., Eccles, M., and Grimshaw, J. (1999). Clinical guidelines:Potential advantages, constraints and damages of clinical rules. [Online]. Available:http://www.bmj.com/content/318/7182/527.full

A Focus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M Term Paper

A Focus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M. Keynes - Term Paper Example Keynesian monetary standards advance blended economies in which both the state just as the private segment will assume noteworthy jobs. The development of Keynesian financial matters shut the drapery on free enterprise financial matters that depended on the possibility that business sectors just as the private divisions might work autonomously without government mediation (Keynes, 1936). Keynesian market analysts put stock in the administration's job to level the business condition. State intercession may appear as tax cuts and government going through with a perspective on animating the economy. In great monetary occasions, government use cuts just as expense climbs would help control expansion (Blinder, 2006). This paper progresses Keynes’s hypothesis that the most ideal approach to guarantee financial strength and development is by dynamic government mediation in the commercial center and money related strategy. Keynesian Principles Keynes contrasted with the Classical financial hypotheses presenting different contentions to object them. Fundamentally, Keynes accepted that business sectors couldn't consequently achieve full-work balance, yet rather, the economy would settle in harmony at some random degree of joblessness (Blinder, 2006). This suggests the old style standards of non-intercession by government would not matter. For the economy to develop in the right heading, it would require pushing and this implies dynamic government mediation so as to deal with the interest level. The Keynesian standards are outlined based on roundabout pay stream. If there should be an occurrence of disequilibrium between pay infusions and spillages, at that point, as indicated by old style financial specialists, costs would move to fittingly reestablish the harmony. In any case, Keynes rules that the yield level (National Income) will modify fittingly in endeavor to reestablish balance (Keynes, 1936). For example, if, for rea sons unknown, there is an ascent in pay infusions, state because of expanded government consumption, an awkwardness would result among infusions and spillages. Following the subsequent additional total interest, firms will in general utilize more people and this would bring about more pay inside the economy. A portion of this salary could be spent while some future spared or dispatched in charge. The additional consumption is probably going to provoke a large portion of the organizations in that economy to expand their creation further making considerably greater work openings and thus expanding salary inside the economy. This procedure will proceed until it at last grinds to a halt. It would at long last stop since with each expansion in pay, leakages’ levels likewise increment (duty, investment funds and imports). At the point when pay infusions at long last equivalent the spillages, harmony will be reestablished. This procedure, as per Keynes is alluded to as the Multiplie r impact (Blinder, 2006). Keynesian Theories Keynes recommended that it was anything but an ideal plan to depend on business sectors so as to achieve full work in the economy. He accepted unequivocally in his view that economies can settle at some random harmony. Accordingly, there couldn’t be programmed changes that could address balance in the business sectors. The primary speculations used to legitimize the Keynesian view are: The work showcase hypothesis (the monetarist hypothesis), the currency advertise hypothesis (showcase for advance capable store hypothesis), the Multiplier impact hypothesis and the Keynesian Inflation Theory (Keynes, 1936). Monetarist Theory: The Labor Market To Keynes, wage assurance is increasingly perplexing. To begin with, he called attention to that it ostensible wages yet not genuine wages that are regularly exposed to exchanges among laborers and their bosses, for example, in deal relationship. In any case, it is exceptionally hard to impact ostensible compensation cuts due

Womens Week 2005

Women’s Week 2005 Janet 06 and Neera 06 worked with the Student Activities Office, other MIT offices, and various corporations to organize and fund this years Womens Week. Check out the variety of events that are going on. Womens Week 2005 November 5th-10th To promote a model of femininity that incorporates and embraces the properties of intelligence, competence,and ambition. Saturday, November 5 Undergraduate Female Leadership Conference (UFLC) 9am-1pm, Hotel @ MIT The UFLC will be a forum for active student leaders to share ideas, air frustrations, and advance the leadership role of women at the Institute (MITRA NOTE: I have pictures of this, and will post them as soon as I am able to resize them.) QWiLLTS Benefit Concert: Smashing the Ceiling 8pm, 10-250 This concert features Magdalen Hsu-Li, a bisexual, Asian-American musician and cultural activist. Raquel Evita Sidel opening. Suggested donation of $5 for students and $10 for non-students. All donations will go to The Network/La Red, a local group working to end domestic violence in lesbian, bisexual and trans women. Open to the public Sunday, November 6 QWiLLTS Workshop: True Diversity 11am, 10-105 (Bush Room) This workshop will help us understand our own diversity, share our beliefs about race, culture, gender, sexuality, explore the difference between programming and instinct, give us tools for taking action and options, and offer suggestions for re-programming techniques. Features Magdalen Hsu-Li as facilitator. RSVP required to [emailprotected] Monday, November 7 Kick Butt! 8-10pm, T-Club Lounge Have fun kicking butt with the legendary HoHo. Take an exclusive club workout class geared towards self-defense. Money, Money, Money! 7-9pm, 35-225 Essential for anyone who wants to make money and spend it! Come watch two back to back entertaining and informative seminars by Cap Compass, including Translating Day 1: At Work and Loving Your Money. Topics covered include W4s, 401k, HMOs, stocks, credit cards, and loans. Pizza will be provided. Sponsored by MIT SWE. Tuesday, November 8 Mannersmith Etiquette Training 7-9pm, Ashdown Hulsizer Room Do you ever feel slightly uncomfortable at formal dinners? Do you feel the need to brush up on those dining skills in preparation for those internship and job interviews? Then this Gracious Dining seminar is for you! Gather tips about appropriate ordering, table manners, and dinner conversation as you enjoy your own delicious dinner. RSVP at web.mit.edu/womensweek/mannersmith.html. Sponsored by MIT SWE. Streetwise and Safe 8:30-9:30pm, 5-233 Ever feel frightened walking down dorm row or Vassar? What should you do if youre assaulted? Listen to great advice from the chief sergeant of Campus Police, Cheryl Vossmer. Wednesday, November 9 Tai Chi for Women! 7-8pm, MAC court Womens fitness! Relax tension, form your mind, and flex your body. Instructed by Dorri Li, featured in womens exercise videos! Raising Our Voices: Facing International Female Realities 8pm, Coffeehouse This event will allow MIT female faculty and female students to share their stories of struggle and conflict in the face of balancing feministic ideals of equality with traditional prejudices and limitations. It will be a storytelling session, an opportunity to relate and learn from others, and most importantly a chance to discuss available international initiatives to aid women in need. Thursday, November 10 Tax Workshop 9-10am, 4-270 4-5pm, 4-237 Confused about taxes? Dont know the difference between credits and deductions? Then join us for an informative tax workshop aimed towards college-aged students. Topics covered include taxable income, credits, deductions, and an overview of the tax system. You have two times to choose from. Light refreshments will be provided at both. Sponsored by MIT SWE. Double Dare: The Ultimate Sex Challenge! 7pm, Lobdell Based off of the hit Nickelodeon game show Double Dare, this event will reveal which gender is more informed about sex. Hosted by Laura Stuart and Chad Waxman, dare to take on the physical challenge and test your knowledge everything from Name the top 3 reasons a condom breaks to How do I get emergency contraception? Men and women will be chosen from the audience to participate (similar to The Price is Right), so pre-register online at web.mit.edu/womensweek/. Brought to You By: Panhellenic Association Association for Women Students MIT Society of Women Engineers QWiLLTS (Queer Women Looking for Life in Tech School) Black Womens Alliance

Similarities Between France and Canada’s Health Care System

Many would agree that a worthy, controlled health system, above all, should essentially contribute to good health. The responsibility of a health care system is that the organization of people, institutions, and resources deliver the health care services required and meet the health needs of focus populations. Another duty that the health care systems stimulate is the reduction of inequality to race, gender, social status and religion. Each health care system is different when looking at specific countries across the world, however some countries are more similar than others, such as France and Canada’s health care system. These two countries have numerous similarities when examining their health care systems, conversely that does not denote that both France and Canada are just as equivalent as the other. When observing countless aspects, such as longevity and infant mortality, as well as a lot of the inputs such as doctors or beds per capita, and of course the total expenditu re on health as a percentage of GDP over the year, it is seen that France has a better and more enhanced health care system than Canada. One major issue that differentiation France’s health care system opposed to Canada’s is the wait times, French citizens wait minimal minutes compared to those in Canada. Canadians cant overlook the reality of wait times when it comes to their health care system, it usually takes up to months for diagnostic tests or MRIs, and for emergency care it can take up toShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Systems For Every Country1042 Words   |  5 Pages Health care systems are institutions and resources whose main purpose is to improve health. There are different health care systems for every country. The United Kingdom (U.K) has a universal health care that is called the National Health Service (NHS). In the U.K everyone that is a resident has access to the same health care. It is free for people who are not residents (visitors) only if in an emergency or if the person has some infectious disease. One pro of the U.K health care system is thatRead MoreFrance And Canadas Health Care Systems1775 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: FRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 1 France and Canada’s Health Care Systems: A comparative Analysis of France and Canada’s healthcare systems Ileke Redemption Iyeteku 5994383 Ottawa University FRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 2 This paper will compare France’s health care system with Canada’s health care system. When compared to other countries around the world, France was ranked number one in overall health system performance (WorldRead MoreThe French Health Care System1548 Words   |  7 Pagesï ¿ ¼! The French health care system was once a redundant, poor system that was less than satisfactory in providing care to its patients. Now, though, it is among the best in the world - and other countries have taken note. Canada, specifically as a post-industrial nation, has a poor health care system when compared to its European counterparts. Thus, Canada’s overall health would be better if we were to shift to French-style practices in the health section of the welfare state.! ! ! Its important toRead MoreCanada s Role As A Major World Player Essay2146 Words   |  9 Pagesgrowth has to do with its close ties to the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the country has also undergone huge change and refocusing on a domestic level. With influence from both Europe and the United States, Canada has a very unique system of governing. This paper will focus on a few major areas of Canada. It will look into the history of Canada, the structure of its government, its politics, and many of the major issues it faces today. Similar to the United States, Canada has a significantRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1823 Words   |  8 Pagesreform across the globe, including Canada. The Canadian health care system is called Medicare and can be described as a single-payer system. In essence, the majority of Canadians receive health care through a publicly funded system that consists of federal transfers to the ten provincial governments who then decided how the money is to be allocated in conjunction with the federal health care standards. These standards were set by the Canada Health Act of 1985 (henceforth â€Å"the Act†), which states thatRead MoreCanadian Nationalism : A Broken Identity1849 Words   |  8 Pagesthat differs greatly from that of other more established countries, history has dictated the way in which a particular national identity exists today. In Canada, Samuel De Champlain and the French established colonies that created a cultural clash between the French Europeans, and F irst-Nations Canadians within the country. However, this notion of French Canadian Nationalism isn’t necessarily embraced by all of the Canadian Population. This paper seeks to analyze important pieces of Canadian HistoryRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Essay8829 Words   |  36 Pageswith population over 30 million. Canada’s two largest and most important industries are logging and oil. The eight dimensions of business culture in Canada and the differences with US. Things to consider for US business retailers who wants to expand to Canada. How the free trade agreement between US and Canada started and settled into NAFTA. The investor wanted to invest in Canada can get benefit from NAFTA provisions. Canada has bilateral trade agreements between, European Union and Asia. SWOT analysisRead MoreMcdonalds Strategic Analysis12693 Words   |  51 Pagesfirst franchise was sold to Neil Fox who opened a restaurant in Phoenix, Arizona. He came up with the commonly-known go lden arches of McDonalds. Fox was successful with the store and the brothers were reluctant at first to begin a national franchise system. However, they soon realized that too many copycats were creeping up. They needed an advantage to fight off competition. Ray Croc joined the team as the exclusive franchise agent in the United States. Since then, over the past couple of decades,Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and printRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMcKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213

Women Roles In The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien Essay

In this book there are three major women Linda, Martha, and Mary Anne. Lindas role is positive yet very saddening because she in a way has given Tim OBrien the power to tell stories so in depth using memories. Mary Annes role is encouraging because she comes to Vietnam and throughout the journey she discovers herself; she redefines the typical role of women. Marthas role in this book could be considered positive because she is keeping up Jimmy Crosss morale but, at the same time it could be negative because she leads him on. So the role of women in the book is very influential in a positive way. Mary Anne is portrayed as the best woman in the book. She is only seventeen and her high school sweetheart, Mark Fossie, arranges it so†¦show more content†¦You just begin to see how she cant handle the war without going mad. Martha is the first women we meet in the book. She is pretty much the typical stay at home war girl. She writes letters to Lt. Jimmy Cross, they met at a college in New Jersey but nothing sparked between them besides a friendship. There isnt any hope of them ever being together but Jimmy Cross still thinks about her constantly everyday. In one particular letter she sends him a good-luck-pebble. Martha wrote that she had found the pebble on the Jersey shoreline and carried it in her breast pocket for several days (8). Jimmy Cross reads the letter spends hours wondering who she was at the beach with, if she was with a man, if they were a couple. When the women sent letters home, it really helped keep the morale of the soldiers. Although Martha continues to kind of mislead Jimmy when she signs the letters love. Ted Lavender was shot in the head on his way back from peeing. He lay with his mouth open (12). Linda is the most important woman in the book. Even though she shows up in the end of the book for the one story, she was Tim OBriens first love. I just loved her. She had poise and great dignity. Her eyes, I remember, were deep brown like her hair, and she was slender and very quiet and fragile-looking (228). This shows how much he loves her, he can recall much detail after so long. The reason she is so important is, she is the oneShow MoreRelatedWomen and Their Role in The Things They Carried by Tim Obrien888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Things They Carried Women and their Role in The Things They Carried Within the book The Thing’s They Carried, the stories of the male soldiers and their dealings with the Vietnam War. However he also delves into the stories of the women and how they affected the soldiers and their experiences in Vietnam. While the men dealt with the horrors of war, the women were right at their side, just not in as much of a public view as the male soldiers. O’Brien uses women such as Martha, Linda and KathleenRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’Brien usesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tim O Brien s Things They Carried1183 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant role in our society. However, the process that the story is told differs based on its form. For example is it a poem (which has a specific form and style) or is it a prose (written/spoken language without any metrical structure)? Although poetry and prose greatly differs from each other, there are many similarities between them. Prose is defined to be in an ordinary form, but prose can share some poetic qualities such as literary devices, imagery, and theme, and many more. Tim O’Brien’sRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Things They Carried1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien is a collection of multiple short stories about Tim O’Brien’s, recollections of his time as a soldier in the Vietnam War. This novel depicts the experiences and effects of the Vietn am war on the lives of the American soldiers. O’Brien informs the readers that the stories may not be completely true or moral but that’s the point of a true war story. In the novel, O’Brien introduces characters by the items they carried. The thoughts of women or items women hadRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1579 Words   |  7 Pageslasting of the numerous burdens placed upon them. When soldiers knowingly carry these burdens into a war zone, it is so a majority of people can live life free from violence and destruction. Strong underlying metaphor is prevalent in Tim O’Brien’s Novel The Things They Carried. Metaphor is used throughout the text of the book to create a sense of understanding or to convey a different meaning than the text originally suggests. This allows the reader to more fully relate to the soldier’s experiences onRead MoreEssay on The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1253 Words   |  6 Pages The Things They Carried, written by Tim O’Brein, is a story told through the eyes of members of a United States Army troop trudging their way through the Vietnamese country side and jungles during the Vietnam War. Each man has a specific job and so they carry specific belongings that they need to fulfill that job as well as a few mementos from home. These men also carry unseen baggage that is all too real to these men, their families and responsibilities back home preying on their minds, the horrorsRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien provides a insider’s view of war and its distractions, both externally in dealing with combat and internally dealing with the reality of war and its effect on each solder. The story, while set in Vietnam, is as relevant today with the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as it was in the 1960’s and 1970’s in Southeast Asia. With over one million soldiers having completed anywhere from one to three tours in combat in the last 10 years, the real conflict mightRead MoreThe Things They Carreid by Tim OBrien Essay2102 Words   |  9 Pageswar, decided to take up the task and make an historic account of one of them most grueling wars ever fought. Tim O’Brien is a Vietnam veteran who wrote the novel The Things They Carried. There is a fine line to be walked when writing the accounts of the war in a way that not only informs but also entertains; however, Tim O’Brien walks it successfully. In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, his use of symbolism and Metafiction helps portray the events that befall the soldiers fighting in VietnamRead MoreRoleof Women in the Things They Carried2644 Words   |  11 Pagesto hold women responsible for their own weaknesses and intolerance. The apathy of anti-feminist and conservative movements showcases the reali ty of the Stockholm syndrome and medieval serfdom. Men have been the captors and the masters of the women for time in antiquity, but we still see empathy in women. Henry Kissinger could not have summarized it any better when he said, â€Å"Nobody will ever win the Battle of the Sexes. There is too much fraternizing with the enemy.† Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried

The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays

Professor: S. roper Date: March 2, 2010 Class: English 125 The Yellow Wallpaper depicts a relationship that is failing for one reason or another. Compare the roles played by the man and woman and the way those roles relate to the failure or the relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte p. Gilman In marriage and any relationship communication is an important point, is able to freely express thoughts, concerns, problems, doubts with simplicity and honesty.In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, an example the communications is a reason that could lead to relationship failure. In the 1800 women had not rights in the marriage, the relationships the man was the head of the family gave orders for this reason his wife and his children had to obey woven and children would agree or not. In this case the women or John’s wife had to do anything where he wants. John is a physician† (Gilman 313) † If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression–a slight hysterical tendency– what is one to do? † (Gilman 313). John is convinced that her wife is suffering from neurasthenia, and he decided to temporarily move the house with his family, as part the cure treatment for his wife, but he never told his wife before and he did not want any family to go to visit them.John’s wife did not feel comfortable at home, she feel bored, she said â€Å"John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious† (Gilman 315), she did not like that John was not to stay with her at home, the babysitter and her children was there, but she think is not the same that her husband. She really wanted to do was writing, but she could not say anything by John (her husband) because he did not listening her, and he just said that this will be best for her. He did know that her wife.It really is so much humiliation and domination of man over woman of that time, she had to put everything I felt inside, she suffered too much and she could not tell her husband, because that was something fun for him. John believed that taking his wife to a better place without communication with her family, she could regain her mental state, but never thought it was imposing his orders leading to the final and in addition the madness did not give his support. Name: Sandra Rojas Professor: S. oper Date: March 18, 2010 Class: English 125 In relation of the regents given in New York, in which the students have to pass according to the studies of Math and History, which they need in order to graduate. I disagree that the board of education stops regents from being taken in New York. The Students body needs something to encourage them to secede in their studies. In my opinion I think that most of the student body is taking education as a joke getting educated is more a job for their age.Passing the regents is like getting a bonus and in order to get that bonus, you would have to work hear for it, in which in theior propective it would mean to study as much as they can. Students need to take regents so they can be more inspired to study so they can achieve more in life. En conclusion, I think, passing and getting a high grade on regent gives excellent college an opportunity to see their ability to succeed in life. Therefore my question is Why take something that can encourage and help a students in their future away How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper, Papers The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays The Yellow Wallpaper is a novella written by Charlotte Perkins Gliman. It talks about a woman who is oppressed by her husband. She is going through a temporary depression. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her husband who is her doctor is trying to treat her, so he decides to take her to a new house and prevent her from contacting people and even from thinking and writing. He thinks he is helping her this way. The narrator then tries to get out her feeling and thoughts through writing although she is forbidden to. She hides her diary and writes what happens with her everyday and what she thinks about.She is sick from her husband’s worries and oppression. Then she identifies herself with a woman whom she imagines is creeping and trying to escape from the cage in the yellow wallpaper in her room. The narrator is also trying to escape then she succeeds to by escaping to insanity. She succeeds in escaping from the reality that she was suffering from. For she couldn’t bear being oppressed by her husband. Also, according to Freud, the famous psychoanalyst, the author of the story is trying to reveal her thought through writing. A work of literature, he believes, is the external expression o the author’s unconscious mind.Accordingly, the literary work must then be treated like a dream. Applying psychoanalytic techniques to the text to uncover the author’s hidden motivations, repressed desires, and wishes. According to what Freud claimed, Gliman is trying to reveal her repressed desires to escape from such a society and life and her wishes to prove that such a treatment will never help but in stead it makes everything worse. The author herself went through mental breakdowns and depressions and was advised to be sent to Weir Mitchell who leads her to her breakdown. She mentions his name in her novella.In applying Freud’s theory, Gilman has repressed anger which she can’t reveal except through writing. This process works unconsciously because according to Freud these repressed feelings are stored in the unconscious in a way or another. These suppressed feelings are being redirected and reshaped into acceptable social activities and are presented in the form of images or symbols such as the women who are creeping in the yellow wallpaper. This signifies that the narrator and the author herself are trying to creep and escape from their own reality and life.All those strangled heads and bulbous eyes and waddling fungus growths just shriek with derision! This line shows that she thinks (the narrator) that she succeeds in freeing all women from other’s control, and so she wants. so that I had to creep over him every time! This line shows that the author wants to really creep over her husband and to be out of his control. I’ve got a rope up here that even Jennie did not find. If that woman does get out, and tries to get away, I can tie her. In this line she thinks she is not under their control any more. She also thinks that she is going to control that woman in the wallpaper. How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper, Papers The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays The narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a young wife and mother who has recently began to suffer symptoms of depression and anxiety. She does not believe that anything is wrong with her but, John, her husband who is a physician, diagnoses her with neurasthenia and prescribes several months of â€Å"rest cure. † She is confined to the nursery in their rented summer home, the narrator is not allowed to write or engage in anything happening out of the house. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now She secretly writes in her journal and finds discomfort in the hideous wallpaper that covers the walls of the room. As a result of the narrators â€Å"temporary nervous depression† (221), her husband takes her to a secluded estate that is away from the road and the nearest town. In his efforts to help her, he decided that it would be best to keep her locked upstairs in a room that is called a nursery, although it resembles a room for an insane person that was perhaps kept there once before. And although she disagreed with his ideas and believed that â€Å"congenial work, with excitement and change, would do her good† (223), there was not much she could say to him directly. He â€Å"assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing wrong† (222) and manipulates the situation by making it seem that she is the one that is control, when really he is the character in the story who is making uncalled for actions. When the narrator talks about the house, she describes it as â€Å"the most beautiful place† (222) although she hates her room. She elaborates about the wallpaper, which later becomes another character in the story, perhaps her personality that has been split two ways. She describes the wallpaper as â€Å"one of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (225) making it appears unattractive for a beautiful mansion and letting us know that she is rational at this time. She goes on to say that â€Å"it is dull enough to confuse the eye,† (225) â€Å"constantly to irritate and provoke study,† implying one could not help to look at it and wonder why would someone have picked such a color or design for a nursery. Although she would have preferred the room downstairs â€Å"that opened into the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings. John would not hear of it,† (224) creating the effect that John is the one making the decisions and she will do as he says. This is indicating that he treats her more like a patient than his wife. We learn that he forbids her to write when she says talks about how writing made her irritated â€Å"having to be so sly about it, or else met with heavy opposition†(223), signaling that she hid her writings from her husband. He laughs at her about the wallpaper, discounts her thoughts of renovating and refuses to make any changes she would like to make to her room, because it would be allowing her to make decisions and according to him she is in no position to make decisions. The narrator has become ill for the main reason of not being able to see her baby. She states â€Å"And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous† (226), representing that she is being kept away from her baby. She is controlled by John in everything that she does. For example, her diet and the â€Å"cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things† she is supposed to take, John also tells her when to sleep, when to exercise and mentally abuses her by convincing her that she is well and that it’s all in her mind. John even goes to extremes by humiliating her when he refers to her as a â€Å"blessed little goose† and â€Å"little girl† (226) as if she were useless to make any decisions on her own. The woman in the story crosses into insanity when she starts to describe the wallpaper pattern in more human terms, by giving it human characteristics such as committing suicide in some places, â€Å"plunge off at outrageous angles, destroying themselves in unheard-of-contradictions,† â€Å"broken necks,† and â€Å"bulbous eyes† (226). She is becoming delusional, because of her husband’s imprisonment, when she mentions the â€Å"eyes† all over the pattern of wallpaper. How they stare at her without blinking, perhaps she feels this way since she is constantly being watched and controlled by John. She begins to obsess about the wallpaper more at night because of her lack of sleep. She notices different layers of the wallpaper and labels them â€Å"front† and â€Å"back† (228) and sees a woman in the sub-pattern, possibly a reference to herself and how she’s feeling at this time. She decides that the front pattern is the one that moves because â€Å"the woman behind shakes it† as if it were her shaking the bars on her window in her room to be able to get out of her husband’s prison. She is now thinking of suicide in order to escape her husband and his dominance over her. The narrator in this story is very descriptive of everything she comes in contact with. She see things differently then other people might see things. She saw the women in the wallpaper and figured that she might have something to do with her life and that all the women are trapped inside of the wallpaper, trying to get out. She smells the â€Å"peculiar odor† found in the house. She â€Å"spent hours in trying got analyze it† (226). She is observant of everything that is in the room. The narrator begins to think there may be some hope that she can gain some control, but it is pointed out â€Å"she herself is a mystery: to her husband and to herself† (229). John thinks of her as a mystery that he is unable to solve. So instead of confessing this inability, he hides his wife in the room. He thinks he is solving the mystery but in reality he is giving his wife a chance to solve it on her own. She does so by beginning to take control of her own life and refusing to be a â€Å"little goose† any longer. These feelings of freedom build when she tears all the yellow wallpaper off the walls. She is sure that John will have something to say about this, but she is not bothered. She wants control of something even if it is the â€Å"odious wallpaper. † That was just the first step. Her life is now in her own hands. It is no longer in the hands of a male. She has locked the door to the room and grown mentally as a woman. Her final and ultimate feeling of control comes when John finds out what she has done. She no longer worries about what John thinks and is not deterred by his fainting. She is on a mission to get all the wallpaper off the walls, and she will stop at nothing to accomplish this. She has come to a point where she has had enough and takes matters into her own hands. She is determined to pursue everything that she is thinking. The husband and the wallpaper are similar, both the husband and the paper dominate the narrator. But in the end John no longer directs her every move. John no longer inhibits her inner thoughts. And the wallpaper no longer oppresses her. As time goes on, she gains confidence and control over both and ultimately dominates them. How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper, Essay examples The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays string(141) " one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"\(p490\)\." In the story the Yellow Wall Paper, the narrator is making a statement which is saying that if you are locked up in a house or â€Å"prison† you are not being allowed to be put to your full potential with society. She is using the narrator’s point of view to show how mental issues start to occur when you are confined to one place and have no actual view of the outside world. That statement also includes the effects of your mind when you can only think to yourself and imagine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main character’s mind starts to go insane when thinking too much into things. Throughout the story the main character looks into every little detail of the room and analyzes it. This is the effect of having too much time on her hands and not having anything better to do. The story is about a woman who’s husband sent her away to this house to get mentally better and starts to see this wallpaper. She has very strict rules such as not being able to read or write so she starts looking at this wallpaper. While she’s looking at this wallpaper she starts to interpret it in many different ways throughout the story. She’s irked by the bright yellow outline that is has, which then turns into her seeing heads being hanged. As the story goes on her views of the room get even worse and it doesn’t help that her husband John is treating her like a little girl. Her husband has a wrong view of what is going on in her head. She gets annoyed by the fact that she can’t even talk to him about the situation she’s in. The story goes on to her doing many irrational behaviors in the room and her anxiety gets worse and worse while getting fed up with everything little thing she notices in the room and about the wallpaper. She is also also a Mother that isn’t aloud to be near her baby which adds to her anxiety. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a first person point of view with the narrator about how she is feeling â€Å"So I take phosphate or phosphites- whichever it is , and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good†(p490). She is able to capture how the narrator is really feeling. The narrator is a housewife that doesn’t have a real job. She wants more out of life; she really wants to be able to read and write so that she can put her thoughts to good use and vent. When her husband took her books away from her, she started to read the wallpaper because she likes to read and analyze and is very good at it by the way she describes the room and the wallpaper. She also didn’t put up a fight when she was sent away. She develops a mental illness by being a housewife and not being able to go out. When she is put in this psychiatry room, she starts to get worse. She thinks she’s getting better later on in the story because her husband tells her that she can have her life back if she gets better. The narrator is disgusted with the room she’s in but tries to make the best of it. She really enjoys and desires human interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the narrator’s loneliness â€Å"When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillowcase as to let me have those stimulating people about now†(p. 491). This really shows how she’s looking forward to seeing her family to be able to talk about her work. John is her husband who’s making all the decisions and holding her back like a child. He doesn’t show her much attention because he is always with other patients and often comes to visit her at night. At one point in the story he carried her from one room to another like a baby. That doesn’t do her any good because she knows that she’s a grown up person and is capable of doing more. By him treating her like a baby makes her feel like a baby, and then continues to more mental issues. John should’ve treated her like an adult so that she would act more like an adult. Charlotte made him into a controlling character â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction†(p490). This shows how he’s controlling the way she does things yet still loves her. She needs more freedom which he doesn’t want to give her. He thinks that by putting her in that room she will learn a lesson like a little child and teach herself how to get better. What she really needs is to be able to go out and enjoy what society has to offer her. The room she’s in shows what it’s like to be deprived by society; the room is like her own little society. She’s trying to make the best of it by looking into every little detail of it from the bed to the wallpaper. She wasn’t allowed to go out of her house or do anything because John wanted her to be a housewife which is why she started having all of these mental issues. She had to fulfill the duties that John wanted her to do which got boring to a certain point. She is a people’s person. Every time that the nurses would come in she always talked to them as if she really knew them. Charlotte Perkins Gilman captures the narrator’s thoughts â€Å"I don’t like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"(p490). You read "The Yellow Wallpaper" in category "Papers" She really doesn’t like anything about the room she’s in. When she looks out her window she sees a lovely country like village full of people which she wishes she could go out and have fun there. Being trapped in a house is the worst thing that is happening to her. She tries to make the best of the situation she’s in by thinking into every little thing that annoys her. The room is a symbol of a door that is closed to society. The wallpaper is the main symbol in this story. The narrator starts to see heads that have been hanged which is obvious signs that she is starting to become delusional or insane. The color starts to change from yellow to brown after days of just staring at it. She then starts to see bars on the wallpaper which is representing herself. She feels like she’s in a jail cell locked up and is not allowed to have fun or do anything except what John wants her to do. Throughout the story she feels as that it’s better for her to be in this room of misery with her baby, so that the baby doesn’t have to stare at it all day. She doesn’t want her baby â€Å"living in a room full of worlds† which almost signifies the day dreaming that goes on in there. After awhile she starts to look at the positive side of being locked up in that room. The wallpaper whether it was yellow or not, was the main controlling mechanism of the character’s mood for story. Her mood no matter day or night was based on the wallpaper she was looking at. The narrator actually asked John during the beginning of her stay to take down the wallpaper since it was causing more nervous trouble, but he didn’t. He thought that she was letting it get to her and wanted her to deal with it which is funny because she ended up writing an entire short story about it. The narrator could also be feeling a sense of yellow on the inside. In our world we look as yellow as happy but maybe not as fully. Colors like orange or green are a lot happier. At one point she has a view of a garden which is where she could be picking up some yellow. She even thought there was a yellow smell. The wallpaper effects her so much she feels as if it’s getting into her hair. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a very good depiction to help create a mental picture of what is going on in the room: â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight(p. 490)†. She shows great use of vocabulary with words such as repellent and revolting along with imagery which catches her reader’s eyes. The title is an example of how the narrator can show her intellectual ability and desire of how she feels like she’s in prison. The narrator’s ability to interpret the wallpaper and every little detail in the room is unique even though it is a psychiatry case. Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the narrator’s point of view to really capture how she feels towards the wallpaper which in her mind is disgusting and not her type. Almost every paragraph is about something bad pertaining to the wallpaper. Her intellectual ability is to see and analyze things which may be why she gets along with so many people. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives a great view saying â€Å"He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency†(p. 91). She clearly has a wild imagination that John is trying to cut down. She might be more of a hands on person. Therefore, the wallpaper brings a very different type of analytical approach. Her husband locked her up in this house so she wasn’t being put to her full potential. Instead she started looking at the small things in her house while John just wa nted her to sit at home and it turned into a mental illness. Towards the end of the story the narrator really started to go crazy walking around the room. She couldn’t stand the fact that her bed was nailed to the floor. She ripped off all the wallpaper when nobody was around. She threw the key out of the room so that nobody can come in or out until John arrives. She even found a rope incase Jennie got in she was going to tie her which is a little crazy. The narrator realizes that if she jumps out the window that people will think she’s crazy more than she already is. She’s a frustrated psychiatric patient just trying to feel better. She’s been in there for about a couple weeks. The wallpaper messes with her head a lot. She can’t wait to leave the place she’s in. She has everything planned out even taking a boat back to town. Her husband comes back for what she thinks is her last day in the psychiatric room. She rips down all of the wallpaper which showed a lot of courage since her nervousness wasn’t letting her do anything til she’s satisfied. She then takes the key locks the door and throws it out the window so that when John comes in he looks at her and faints. She does nothing but step over him. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows what is really going on â€Å"I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder†(p500). I think she just about had enough with staying in that room and may have even been feeling better since she worked up the courage to do all that and even walk over her own husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman used a very easy to read type of style which was helpful in figuring out the plot and building a mental image of what was going on. † I have found out another funny thing, but I shan’t tell it this time! I mean to try it, little by little. â€Å"(p498). She has a very broad use of vocabulary but not hard enough to need a dictionary to figure things out. It’s interesting that she breaks the story into different parts or chapters. The narrator’s character changed in each part, mostly because of the other characters or the wallpaper. Her writing style is also modern compared to other stories in this book. This type of writing style is nice. She uses a character with a mental disorientation and captures what is really going through her mind. Her writing flows just like any other short story but even better. She doesn’t make it hard to figure the details out. She is very straight forward with the way she words her sentences. I’m wondering if the author wrote this short story to show another person, or if the author herself was the main character in the story. This seem like it could be a realistic story. In this century there are many mentally ill people ranging from anxiety issues to disorders. This could be a true story. The sentences are short and clear but not at all long enough to get lost in them. The story was literally written as the main character was seeing things. It was even broken up from the start of her being in the psychiatric ward included with a two week break from writing for when John kept visiting her in the beginning. Every thought and movement was written down. How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper, Papers

The Theme Of The Outsiders Human Nature Essays - Films,

The Theme of The Outsiders Human Nature The Outsiders, an enthralling tale by S.E. Hinton, is an excellent story about the hardships and triumphs experienced by the Greasers and the Socs, two rival gangs. This novel suggests the stories? content because the Greasers are a gang of social outcasts and misfits. This novel?s theme is very specific; people, no matter what their social background, strive for the same goals and experience the same disappointments. This novel shows this theme throughout a detailed story line. The fictional novel is set in a moderate-size city, possibly near Texas, in the late 1960?s. Ponyboy, the main character, lives with his brothers as a greaser. One day Ponyboy and Johnny, Ponyboy?s best friend, get jumped by a group of Socs. The Socs start to drown Ponyboy in a fountain. Johnny, realizing they might kill Ponyboy, kills Bob, one of the Socs with his switchblade. Johnny and Ponyboy run to a fellow Greaser, Dally, who is always in trouble with the law. Dally helps them by giving them some money, a gun, and a place to hide. They hide in a church outside of town for a week until Dally says it?s okay to come out. They go out to eat and when they get back to the church they find it burning. When they see that there are kids inside and the fire could have been started by their cigarettes, they run inside to save the kids. Johnny and Dally are hurt in the fire and taken to the hospital. They are hailed as heroes in the local paper. Dally breaks out of the hospital to fight in a rumble against the Socs. While the Greasers beat the Socs, Johnny dies in the hospital. When Dally finds out he goes out and robs a grocery store. When the cops pull up he pulls out an empty gun so the cops shoot him. The theme of this novel is that all people are set back at times and they all want the same basic things. This theme is expressed in the novel several times. Disappointments are shown when Bob dies and the Socs grieve for him, when Ponyboy?s parents die and they are upset, and when Johnny dies and it disturbs the Greasers. It is shown that the Greasers and Socs strive for the same goals when Darry, Ponyboy?s older brother, tells him that he should succeed in school and make something of himself, and Bob is always trying to make his father happy with him. These examples show that all people, Soc, Greaser, or whatever, all strive to achieve the same goals and encounter the same disappointments. The theme that all people experience the same disappointments and strive for the same goals is also depicted in modern times. All people want to have a good job, make a lot of money, and live a good life. Everyone also encounters hardships throughout their life. Their car can break down, their l oved ones can die, and they can run out of money. As you can see, this theme is important not only in The Outsiders, but in everyday life as well.

When to Use Whom vs. Who

When to Use Whom vs. Who Knowing when to use whom versus who can be difficult for even the most careful writers and speakers. Many writers and grammarians hope the day comes when whom is cast aside and designated by dictionaries as archaic. Indeed, Paul Brians, a professor in the Department of English at Washington State University, says, Whom has been dying an agonizing death for decades. Until the last nail is placed in the coffin, however, it will be helpful to learn when to use whom versus who in various circumstances. How and When to Use Whom Put simply, use whom- which is a pronoun- when it is the object of a sentence. If you can replace the word with her, him, or them for example, use whom. Youll know when to use whom if the pronoun is used in the objective case, or action is being done to the pronoun. Take the sentence: Whom  do you believe? The sentence may sound pretentious, even snobbish. But it is correct because whom is the subject of the infinitive to, as well as the object of the sentence as a whole. Turn the sentence around so that the object is at the end: You were talking to whom? When you replace whom with him, it becomes even clearer: You were talking to him.Were you talking to him? When to Use Who If whom is used for the objective case, who is used for the subjective case- when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence, or the person creating the action. Take the sentence: Who is at the door? The pronoun who is the subject of the sentence. Check this by replacing who with a subjective pronoun, swapping in she or he for who, as in: She is at the door.He is at the door. Who is always used as the subject of a sentence or clause, and whom is always used as an object. Examples In the following sentences, who is correctly used in the subjective case. You can check this by replacing the pronoun who with another subjective pronoun, such as she, he, or you, for example: Who is coming to dinner? (He is coming to dinner?)Who was that masked man? (He was that masked man? or He was the masked man.)Sally is the woman who got the job. (She got the job.) As previously noted, youll know when to use whom if the pronoun is used in the objective case, or action is being done to the pronoun, as in: To Whom It May Concern. (It may concern him.)I dont know from whom the love letter came. (The love letter came from him.)They fought over whom? (They fought over him? or They fought over them?)After whom do I enter the stage? (I enter the stage after him.)Whom did you recommend for the job? (I recommended him for the job.)For Whom the Bell Tolls (The title of this famous Ernest Hemingway novel is saying, The Bell Rings for Him.) Some of these sentences may sound odd, and this is why the word whom will probably disappear from the English language one day. As used in these examples, whom sounds a little awkward, even when its technically correct. How to Remember the Difference The key to understanding when to use whom or who is knowing the difference between  subjective  and  objective  case. Once you can easily identify the subject and the object of a sentence or clause, you will be able to figure out the correct usage of who and whom. For instance, if you want to decide which is correct in this sentence: Who/Whom should I consider as a college recommendation? Rearrange the sentence so that it will make sense using him or he. Youll come up with the following choices: I should consider him for the college recommendation.I should consider he for the college recommendation. The pronoun him is clearly better. Therefore, the correct word in the sentence above will be whom. Remember this simple trick, and youll always know when to use whom and when to use who.

Sample - User Manual for Snapchat

Sample - User Manual for Snapchat This report outlines the initial proposal for the Snapchat user manual. This report should cover some of the broad and basic information that first-time users of the Snapchat application need to know. This report shall also cover the unique stylistic components that the author shall use in his final report- which would be the actual Snapchat user manual. The purpose of this report then is to guide the author in planning and writing what to write, how to write the contents, and where to place them in the actual manual. Needs Assessment The focus of the project would be on the application Snapchat. Snapchat is a social media application that allows users to share videos called snaps. This is, in fact, a new trend in the digital arena because as of the moment it is the process of sharing photos that is most prevalent. What Snapchat is all about, however, is the process of sharing videos. It is important to note, however, that users may also take and share photos, drawings, and texts and then send them to a controlled list of people (i.e. the recipients). Essentially, Snapchat is a messaging tool that has a high level of multimedia sharing capability. Considering all of these features, it can be said that Snapchat is virtually intended to be used (and can actually be used) by everyone; from businessmen to casual and professional photographers and graphic and video artists. Students may also take advantage of the enhanced sharing capability of Snapchat. What is unique with Snapchat, however, is the fact that it enable s the users to specify how long the snaps (i.e. the sent videos and photographs) can be viewed by their recipients and actually stay in the company’s servers- after which the developers of the app claim that it would already be deleted. Additional Research One of the latest features that Snapchat users can enjoy is the Snapchat Lenses. With lenses, users can take snaps using real-time special effects, sounds, and filters. This way, they would not have to edit their snaps. Whenever there are updates, new filters (e.g. rewind, slow-motion, force touch) and effects may get released so it would be best to frequently update the version of Snapchat installed on the smartphone or a tablet computer. Audience Analysis The intended audience for the Snapchat user manual would be all of the potential users of the application. Some of the specific examples include: Business men Professional and casual photographers Professional and casual graphic artists Students and teachers Government agencies, departments, and organizations For-profit and non-profit organizations Researchers The application user manual that will be published shall cater to all the users’ needs. No separate version of the user manual will be released for a particular group or audience. The target audience for the user manual would be those who have basic to intermediate smartphone and internet navigation skills; those who actually own a smart phone or a tablet computer equipped with a decent camera capable of taking pictures and recording videos- because these are the main hardware requirements for an individual to utilize Snapchat. Suggested Table of Contents About the Manual Acknowledgement Table of Contents Glossary Introduction Wiki Section Wiki Contents Basics Intermediates Advanced Using Snapchat How to take a picture How to take a video How to create a text message How to organize a list of recipients How to send texts, pictures, videos How to store your contents Snapchat Terms, Policies, and Conditions How to Install and Uninstall the Application Setting up and Account Troubleshooting Frequently Asked Questions Participating in the Snapchat users’ community and forum Frequently Asked Questions The most basic information about Snapchat shall be placed within a consolidated FAQ section. The purpose of the FAQ section would be to enable the users to get started in using the Snapchat application. This may contain instructions on how to install the application, where the download links may be obtained, and how to set up the application on their device after installation. This can be presented within any section of the user manual. In any case, the most important component would be the content. This section has to be simple and easy to understand. Design Layout The purpose of the Snapchat user manual is to get the users started on how to use the application. The focus of the writing process should then be on the content because it is the most important component that would determine the success of the project. The design process should, however, be not taken for granted. The design and layout should embody the following characteristics: elegance, professionalism, and neatness. The design should be creative but not to the point that it would look untidy and too artistic. After all, this was not intended to be an art project. The design and layout should make it easier for the readers to read and understand all sections of the content; this is where the neatness component should be factored in. The layout should follow the outline of the contents provided earlier where each section should have its own design in order for the readers to understand how each section is independent of each other.

Global Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Operation - Essay Example Moreover, there may be disagreements between the local community and PPQ (Cateora and Graham 19). This is because PPQ will introduce new employees who will be accompanied by their family members in the host foreign country. The host foreign country will experience strain in its communities and social amenities, for example, schools. This is because the communities and social amenities where PPQ is situated will experience an enhancement in number of individuals largely from PPQ. Also, the host foreign country will experience issues associated with the unfamiliar characteristic of the dealings between employees of PPQ and the existing people of the region where PPQ has decided to establish its stores to sell their products. It is imperative that PPQ anticipates any issues that may have a negative impact on the host foreign country and device ways of dealing with them before it starts its process of expansion. Question 2 International organizations frequently go through abundant cultur al issues when they extend their activities into diverse and new territories. When a company expands to new territories, its employees may have difficulties dealing with clients who are from a diverse and different culture. There is the issue of cultural sensitivity which requires the employees of the international company to accommodate the cultural practices of their clients. In addition, workers of international organizations may face difficulties in overcoming language barriers in the new areas of operation (Cateora and Graham 122). These may pose a severe challenge to the ability of workers providing adequate and sufficient services to the customers. Individuals with an identical value system, religion, beliefs, and language share a similar culture. As a result, this is imparted to every individual in the cultural system. Therefore, workers of international organizations, who are not from the same cultural system as the customers, find it difficult to comprehend the customersâ €™ cultural system, hence affecting the process of interaction. Question 3 Diversity has become an extremely essential subject in the international field. Any knowledgeable businessperson or manager should be aware that the universe is decreasing in size due to opportunities and services facilitated by globalization. Inventions, for example, the internet has made diversity an extremely essential subject in the international field because it has made engaging in business activities in different parts of the world less complicated, and trade is making the most of the opportunities caused by being diverse. In addition, diversity has made a number of financial restraints that were in existence in the past to be eradicated as organizations are attempting to engage in business activities all over and across the universe (Cateora and Graham 159). Also, diversity has become a significant subject in the international field because people are moving from their native lands to look for emp loyment opportunities in other areas. This is evident in areas, for example, Europe and North America where there are individuals of mixed ancestries and races. Therefore, diversity has enable individuals preserve their original identity while being part of different geographic regions. Question 4 There are a number of things that may happen if issues relating to diversity and multiculturalism are not paid attention to in a global organization. One, the international

Time Capsule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Capsule - Essay Example The following six tracks selected are as follows. The Baroque era constitutes a significant shift in music style. One of the most notable composers of this era is Johann Sebastian Bach. While there were a great variety of Bach’s works the selection committee considered, Bach’s composition ‘Sonata no 1’ a characteristic example of his work. This track combines violin and harpsichord in a level of instrumental complexity and poignancy that at the time had not yet been experienced in the history of music. While ostensibly non-secular this music seemingly transcends such categorizations as it exhibits pure musical poignancy. In these regards, there is a sort of mysterious quality to the track that places it at a level of great interest and intrigue to listeners. In addition to these sonic qualities the committee considered that Bach has significant historical importance both for his power compositions as well as the tremendous influence he had on future musicians. His influential nature and iconic historical importance factored greatly into the committee’s selection of this composition for the time capsule. Furthermore, Bach’s harpsichord concertos are recognized by scholars as among the first concertos for the keyboard instrument ever written (Bukofzer 2008). Another notable Baroque era composer selected for the time capsule was Jean Baptiste Lully, with his ‘Symphonie’ the selected work. While Bach’s work was slightly subtle, this composition is highly bombastic with patriotic or nationalistic overtones in its upbeat melody; in these regards, it could fit perfectly in a state or crown sponsored event (Bukofzer 2008). There were a number of factors that led to the committee’s decision. In addition to Lully’s seminal historical importance to the Baroque era, this composition has withstood the test of time and its sonorous, yet patriotic qualities are

Theories of planned behavior: Smoking

Theories of planned behavior: Smoking To examine if the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predict smoking behavior, 35 data sets (N= 267,977) have been synthesized, containing 219 effect sizes between the model variables using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM). Consistent with the TPBs predictions, 1) smoking behavior was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r =.30), 2) intentions were based on attitudes (weighted mean r =.16) and subjective norms (weighted mean r =.20). Consistent with TPBs hypotheses, perceived behavioral control was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r = -.24) and behaviors (weighted mean r =-.20) and it contribute significantly to cigarette consumption. The strength of associations, however, was influenced by studies and participants characteristics. Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in western countries. Despite the constant reduction in smoking prevalence among adults over the last 20 years in developed countries, smoking rates have not decreased among young people, and the highest youth smoking rates can be found in Central and Eastern Europe. In an attempt to understand the psychosocial determinants of smoking initiation and maintenance, a variety of social cognitive models have been applied. One of the most influential theories predicting smoking behavior, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) 1has been used both for conducting a wide range of empirical research on smoking behavior antecedents and for designing many theory-based intervention programs to reduce tobacco consumption. An increasing number of empirical studies have examined this model in relation to smoke and the variability of results suggests that a quantitative integration of this literature would prove valuable. Up to the present, various quantitative reviews of the TPB have been performed but centered in other behavioral outcomes, as exercise, 2 condom use 3 and others. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of TPB as a predictor of smoking behavior through meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM), involving the techniques of synthesizing correlation matrices and fitting SEM as suggested by Viswesvaran and Ones. 4 The TPB, an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action,5 incorporates both social influences and personal factors as predictors, specifying a limited number of psychological variables that can influence a behavior, namely 1) intention; 2) attitude; 3) subjective norm (SN); and 4) perceived behavioral control (PBC). 1 First, subjective norms are conceptualized as the pressure that people perceive from important others to execute a behavior. Second, peoples positive or negative evaluations of their performing a behavior are conceptualized as other predictor of intention (attitudes). Third, PBC represents ones evaluation about the easy or difficulty of adopting the behavior and it is assumed to reflect the obstacles that one encountered in past behavioral performances. Finally, attitudes, SN and PBC are proposed to influence behavior through their influence on intentions, which summarize persons motivation to act in a particular manner and indicate how hard the person is willing to try and how much time and effort he or she is willing to devote in order to perform a behavior. 6 The TPB has been applied through a relevant amount of primary studies and their predictive utility has been proved meta-analytically both for a wide range of behaviors 7, 6 and for specific health risky or health protective behaviors. 3, 2 These previous meta-analyses, however, have neither examined how useful the TPB is to predict smoking behavior, nor the overall structure of the model applied to tobacco consumption. Hence, some concerns remain relating to TPB and its utility to predict smoking behavior that deserves further examination through MASEM. Firstly, a weakness of the SN-intention relation has been found by previous meta-analysis 7 compared with attitude-intention and PBC-intention associations. It has been suggested that this lack of association indicates that intentions are influenced primarily by personal factors 6. In spite of, some primary studies finding strong beta values, ranging from .44 to .62, for attitude on smoking intention such as Hanson, 8 while others founded values near .18 or .19. 9, 10 At the same time, although researchers have theorized about the importance of PBC in this domain, regarding health-risky behaviors, the correlation between PBC and behavior had sometimes been disappointing. 3 One possible explanation is that PBC may not capture actual control. Other is that risky behaviors performed in social contexts may be more determined by risky-conducive circumstances than by personal factors. 11 Moreover, primary studies on smoking behavior have found contrasting results for PBC -behavior, such as r =.55 12 or r =.06. 13 Based on these discrepant findings, we proposed, as a first purpose of this review, to test the strength of relationships between TPB constructs applied to smoking behavior. Secondly, in order to clarify the influence of moderator variables and to provide further explanation for the variability on the effect sizes (ES) between primary studies, some studies and participants characteristics may be taken into account. Ajzen and Fishbein 5 argued that intention and behavior should be measured as close in time as possible to the behavior. In spite of that, primary studies on smoking behavior 14, 15 have found that beta values for intention- behavior association have been maintained during six months (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.38), nine months (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.35) and a year (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.35). Thus, it is important to quantitatively review the moderator effect of time interval on strength of TPB constructs. It has been recognized that culture provides a social context that affects prevalence of certain behaviors. Moreover, some studies have compared results of TPB applied to smoking behavior by using diverse ethnic groups into the USA, such as Hanson, 8 while a great amount of primary studies have expanded their applicability to different cultural contexts. 16, 15, 10 These studies have revealed contradictory results, such as for Puerto-Ricans and non-Hispanic whites, SN was not found as a significant predictor of intention, 8 while it was significant for African-American teenagers, or beta values for SN-behavior ranging from à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.20 for UK samples 17 to à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ =.43 for Netherlanders students. 18 Hence, because of cultural differences with respect to the SN-outcomes association, there is a need to meta-analytically examine the moderator effect of culture. Ajzen and Fishbein 5 and Ajzen 19 also recommended scale correspondence of measures for intention to properly predict behavior. However, meta-analysis on TPB applied to exercise behavior have found that only 50% of examined studies had scale correspondence, 20 and that ES was the strongest for the intention-behavior association when studies had scale correspondence. 2 Based on these previous findings, we contend that a thorough examination of moderator effect of scale correspondence on strength of smoking intention and behavior relationships is needed. Research indicates that teenage years are associated with heightened sensitivity to SN 6 and differences have been found in previous meta-analyses between age groups regarding their intention -exercise behavior association. 2 At the same time, only one study has tested gender differences applying TPB to cigarette smoking, 13 founding that the model fitted better among female students. Despite the fact that no consistent evidence has been found relating to the moderator effect of age and gender on the TPB constructs association, we state that an exploratory analysis would be advisable. Thirdly, while previous studies on TPB on smoking behavior had used stepwise regression analyses, more recent ones apply SEM or path-analyses. When all TPB relationships were tested simultaneously, same patterns would change. For instance, after controlling the influence of intention, the PBC- behavior association would turn to negligible values (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.05), such as Albarracà ­n et al 3 proved for condom use. Moreover, based on the fruitful results of meta-analysis obtained in many research domains, 3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 it can be beneficial to use meta-analytic structural equation modeling techniques (MASEM) in testing causal models, such as some authors suggested. 4, 26 Based on these methodological and conceptual issues, the main objective of this meta-analysis was threefold. The first objective was to test the strength of the relationships between the TPB constructs with the smoking behavior. Specifically, we hypothesized: (1) large ES for intention-behavior, PBC-intention, PBC-behavior, and attitude -intention; (2) moderate ES for SN- intention; (3) larger ES for intention-behavior than for PBC-behavior and (4) larger ES for PBC-intention and SN-intention than for attitude-intention. The second purpose was to test the influence of moderator variables on the relationships between the TPB constructs. Specifically, we proposed (5) larger ES for attitude- behavior, PBC- behavior, SN-behavior, and intention-behavior when measures have been taken simultaneously; (6) larger ES when the time interval was shorter; (7) the largest ES for SN-intention and SN- behavior when participants belong to a collectivist culture, coded as Others into the category orig in of the sample; (8) larger ES for attitude- intention, SN-intention, PBC-intention and intention -behavior when constructs have been measured with scale correspondence; and (9) mean age of the sample, percentage of males and year of publication would moderate the relationships among TPB constructs. The third purpose was to test the predictive utility of TPB on smoking behavior through MASEM analyses. Specifically, we hypothesized that: (10) intention and PBC will predict smoking behavior; (11) attitude, PBC, and SN will predict intention and (12) intention will be a stronger predictor of behavior than PBC. Method Literature search In order to locate relevant studies, we conducted a computerized bibliographic search of the PsycInfo, MedLine, ERIC, using the terms smoke, smoking behavior, nicotine, tobacco consumption, and TPB as keywords. We also conducted a manual search of journals that regularly published smoking behavior research. Descendent searches have been conducted based on the references section of retrieved studies specifically previous TPB meta-analyses including multiple behavioral outcomes- and some authors have been contacted to obtain unpublished papers. This processes resulted in 52 studies retrieved in full text to further screening. Inclusion and exclusion criteria A study was considered for this meta-analysis if it met the following inclusion criteria: (1) the study had to report quantitative research on TPB applied to smoking behavior; (2) the study had to report a Pearson correlation coefficient between TPB constructs or data that enable us to calculate ES. Upon closer examination of the remaining 52 studies, a total of 27 studies were included which provided an amount of 35 independent samples (N= 267,977) and 219 ES. A total amount of 25 studies were excluded. Reasons for elimination have been that TPB construct measures were not included (8 studies), i.e.: 27, or that the studies were focused on smoking cessation instead of on smoking behavior (17 studies), i.e.: 28, 29. Only one dissertation has been included and no unpublished papers have been obtained. The studies that focused on smoking cessation have been excluded because the outcome variable in the model-smoking behavior versus smoking cessation-differs substantially. These studies will be used to conduct a separate meta-analysis on smoking cessation. All the included studies are marked with an asterisk in the reference section. Coding of studies The study characteristics coded were: year of publication, origin of the sample, scale correspondence, and time interval between TPB measures. The subject characteristics coded were: the number or participants, mean age of the sample, and gender (as percentage of men in the sample). We consider relevant to code how smoking behavior was assessed (i.e., objective vs. self-report.) but we could find only one study which used objective measures, as CO (carbon monoxide) tests. 30 Following the procedures of Symons and Hausenblas, 2 the time interval between intention and behavior was examined by classifying the studies as: (1) short (less than or equal to six months), (2) medium (greater than six months and less than or equal to one year), (3) large (greater that one year). Regarding scale correspondence, we examined the method section of each study in search of the detailed information. Such as Symons and Hausenblas suggested 2, scale correspondence has been fulfilled when the same magni tude, frequencies or response formats are used to assess the constructs. If intention and behavior were measured exactly with the same items, we considered that scale equivalence was present. If intention was measured with a broader redaction (i.e.: How certain are you that you could resist smoking this term?) while behavior was assessed by a more detailed item (i.e.: How many cigarettes did you smoke per day?), or by asking participants to classify themselves as non-smoker/current-smoker, we considered that scale correspondence has not been fulfilled. In order to ensure accuracy, the studies were coded by two authors independently, reaching an intercoder agreement of 90%. The level of agreement reached was highly satisfactory and inconsistencies were solved by consensus. Some decisions about independence of the samples were taken. If the same study design was carried out in multiple but independent samples (i. e, boys and girls, asthmatic and no-asthmatic students, African-American, Puerto Rican and Non-Hispanic white teenagers) results were entered into the meta-analysis as independent samples. 8, 18, 13 In other cases, only one ES per study has been considered. Data analysis We followed Hedges and Oldkins 31 meta-analytic fixed effects procedures to estimate weighted mean correlations. In these procedures, correlations were converted using Fishers r to z transformations and weighted by N 3, the inverse of which is the variance of z, in analyses. Using Cohens criteria, 32 ES values of .10, .30 and .50 were considered small, moderate and large effects, respectively. Graphical procedures were used to explore the skewness of data. When an extreme value was detected, analyses were carried both including and excluding the outlier. Next, we tested the homogeneity of the ES (Q statistics) and we analyzed the influence of moderator variables using categorical model (ANOVA analogous) and weighted regression analyses (fixed-effect model). One problem in the interpretation of meta-analytic results is the potential bias of the mean ES due to sampling error or to systematic omission of studies that are hard to locate. According to Orwin, 33 the tolerance index of nul l results should be calculated and there must be more than 300 unpublished studies (and not recovered by the meta-analyst) for the results to be annulled. However, this statement should be qualified because the index by categories yields small values in some of these categories. Therefore, we can conclude that publication bias is not very likely to threaten the results severely. MASEM analyses Meta-analytic structural equation modeling, which involves the techniques of synthesizing correlation matrices and fitting SEM, is usually done by applying meta-analytic techniques on a series of correlation matrices to create a pooled correlation matrix, which then can be analyzed using SEM, as suggested Viswesvaran and Ones. 4 However, these procedures have received criticism by Becker (1992) and more recently by Cheung and Chan. 26 Despite some problems, the major advantage of these univariate approaches are their ease of application in applied contexts. Based on these recommendations, we used Viswesvaran and Ones procedure to test the strength of the association among the TPB constructs with smoking behavior. The complete weighted correlation matrix was 5 x 5 and it was submitted to SEM analyses. The predicted model was fitted assuming the harmonic mean (N= 239) as sample size, 4 and it was estimated with unweighted least squares procedures. The proposed model, according to TPB l iterature, had three exogenous latent variables and two endogenous ones, such as depicted Figure 1. Besides chi-square, we reported Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Normative Fit Index (NFI), and Root Mean Squared Residual (RMR) as fitness indices. It is typically assumed that GFI, AGFI, and NFI >=.90, RMR values

PLATE

The protein fraction from 70 percent saturation of recrystallised ammonium sulphate was found to have the maximum protein content (19.6 mg/g flower) and hence it was selected for further studies and is abbreviated as PAF in the present study. 4.2.1 Characterization of the selected PAF by Native PAGE and SDS PAGE The selected PAF was characterized by column chromatography. This showed a single peak and was further characterized in native PAGE and SDS page. The results are shown in Plate the SDS-PAGE analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitated protein extract showed 15 different protein bands with good visibility in CBB R250 staining method (Figure). PLATE CHARACTER IZATION OF PFPa BY PAGE AND SDS PAGE A – Standard Protein Markers; B – PAGE; C– SDS PAGE Each fraction showed a number of major and minor bands indicating several proteins. Of the several bands obtained in 70 per cent saturation of ammonium sulphate, the major band alone was eluted. In order to find out the presence of subunits in this band, it was further subjected to SDS PAGE. The results showed one major protein indicating the absence of subunits. The molecular weight of this protein was found to be 99 KD when compared to the standard molecular markers. 4.3. Fifty percent effective dose of selected protein fraction of Plumeria alba The free radical scavenging capacity of PFC was tested by its ability to bleach the stable DPPH. The DPPH (2,2 diphenyl -1- picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was carried out using different concentrations of PFC (Figure). The radical scavenging activity was found to be dose dependent. Figure Percentage Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Selected protein fraction of Plumeria alba The protein fraction of Plumeria flower extract showed the dose dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. From the graph, the 50 percent effective concentrations of these were found to be 28 Â µg and 35 Â µg and used in the further studies. Free radicals and their scavenging systems play important role in the healing of normal and delayed types of wounds. The dose response curve of DPPH radical scavenging activity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ascorbic acid Plant sampleDPPH RadicalScavenging 9(%) of the extract and standards showed that at the highest concentration (0.5mg ml-1) the scavenging effect of the methanolic extract reached 9.3% (Afolayan et al., 2008). Shyuret al. (2005) also reported that the scavenging activity for free radicals of 1,1diphyryl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) has been widely used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural products from plants. The antioxidant activities of the leafy vegetables of India were measured in different systems of assays such as DPPH assay, super oxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay and IC50 values were calculated (Dasgupta and De 2007). 4.4. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization – Time of Flight Mass Spectra (MALDI-TOF MS) MALDI-TOF mass spectra were used for the analysis of peptide mass fingerprinting and MS/MS ion search identification of the in-gel trypsin digested protein fragments (Figure 5), selected peptide masses were submitted to Mascot (http://www.matrixscience.com) for SwissProt databases search. There was no conclusive match in peptide mass fingerprinting, since MS/MS ion search program was selected for further identification. The MS/MS ion search in the NCBIProt database revealed that, WRKY transcription factor WRKY24-like isoform X1 [Juglans regia] (Figure 6-7) with the protein score of 81 (Protein score is 10*Log(P), where P is the probability that the observed match is a random event. Protein scores greater than 80 are significant (p

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay - 822 Words

The Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire The Roman Empire was a beautiful place ruled by Augustus. The borders of the empire during the Pax Romana measured 10,000 miles and enclosed an area of more than 3 million square miles, that’s about the size of the United States today. The population of the empire during this period was between 70 and 90 million people. The city of Rome itself was home to about one million people. During the third century (A.D. 200-300), problems confronted the Roman Empire. The decline of the empire continued for almost 300 hundred years. The Roman Empire was brought to its downfall because of the way their Social, Political, and Economic systems were working. Historians say that the Roman Empire began to†¦show more content†¦Advanced militarism attracted men looking for victory. The character of the soldiers changed from armed men fighting to defend their homes and families to men signing up to fight as mercenaries. As demand increased for foreign goods, currency flowed out of Rome to foreign countries. Rome and its people no longer believed in their empire, and didn’t care much about family values anymore. The Economic issues were that they had poor harvest. Food was scarce and people needed food so they went after it. There was a disruption of trade by barbarians and pirates on Mediterranean Sea lanes. Since the war was over, there was no more war booty. Gold and silver were drained away to buy things from foreign countries, this led to inflation, a drop in the worth of money and a rise in prices. The Roman road and bridge system fell out of order, causing a hurt in trade. The crushing tax fell all upon the plebian class, who had no money to start with. Everything was quickly spiraling downhill. The Empire’s economy was worsened by its military problems. Tribes of northern barbarians called Goths overran the legions guarding the Danube frontier numerous times. Instead of fighting for patriotism, Roman soldiers now fought for money. The government promised higher cash awards to attract recruits into the army. Emperors started to recruit barbarians because they wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire913 Words   |  4 Pages A consistent measure throughout all history has been that all great empires fall. Many theories have been given to why the empire fell, but Gibbons famous book, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, provides reasoning for what we consider as why Rome fell. Even though there was an inconsistency of leadership, the main reason for the decline of the Roman Empire was due to the size of the empire. Supporting Gibbons reasoning, Rome fell because the immense size was too large to control, leadersRead MoreDecline And Fall Of The Roman Empire1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the Roman Empire was the greatest Empire in history. They destroyed their enemies and took their land. 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The Decline and fall of the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations was a result of population decrease, weak government, a frail economy, and invasion. The causes of the imperial collapse in Rome and Greece(The Mediterranean region)with the causes of imperial collapse in the East Asia during the period 600 BCE toward 600 CE has had an remarkable achievements but those sameRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1316 Words   |  6 Pagescivilization, the Roman Empire was a powerful governing build. Political, economic and social entities advocated for the success of the empire. However, the question still remains, how was it possible that the very things that once made the empire great could be the sole reasons for its decline? There are substantial reasons as to why the empire fell. Constant occurrences in succession from another—whether internal or external—led to the fall rather than one single event. 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